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Additional tests show that the GQ project s effect operates in part through a stronger sorting of land intensive industries from nodal districts to non nodal districts located on the GQ network. The GQ upgrades further helped spread economic activity to moderate density districts and intermediate cities. AUGUST JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES Entrepreneurship as Experimentation By Kerr William R. Ramana Nanda and Matthew Rhodes Kropf ABSTRAC.

Entrepreneurship research is on the rise but many questions about its fundamental nature still exist. We argue that entrepreneurship is about experimentation the probabilities of success are low extremely skewed and unknowable until an investment is made. At a macro level experimentation by new firms underlies the Schumpeterian notion Chinese Overseas America Number Data of creative destruction. However at a micro level investment and continuation decisions are not always made in a competitive Darwinian contest. that are impacted by incentive agency and coordination problems often before a new idea even has a chance to compete in a market. We contend that costs and constraints on the ability to experiment alter the type of organizational form surrounding innovation and influence when innovation is more likely to occur. These factors not only govern how much experimentation is undertaken in the economy but also the trajectory of experimentation with potentially very deep economic consequences.





A Publisher s link pubs.aeaweb doi pdfplus . jep. . . CASES COURSE MATERIALS HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL CASE Aspada In Search of the Right Structure for Impact Investing No abstract available. Purchase this case hbr product aspada in search of the right structure for impact investing an PDF ENG HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL CASE Financial Policy at Apple A By the end of Apple had billion in cash and marketable securities. This case explores how companies can generate such large amounts of cash and how and if they should distribute it to shareholders especially in the face of shareholder pressure.